4、数组的输出: (1) @array = (1, 2, 3); print (@array, "\n"); 结果为: 123 (2) @array = (1, 2, 3); print ("@array\n"); 结果为: 1 2 3 5、列表/数组的长度 当数组变量出现在预期简单变量出现的地方,则PERL解释器取其长度。 @array = (1, 2, 3); $scalar = @array; # $scalar = 3,即@array的长度 ($scalar) = @array; # $scalar = 1,即@array第一个元素的值 注:以数组的长度为循环次数可如下编程: $count = 1; while ($count <= @array) { print ("element $count: $array[$count-1]\n"); $count++; } 6、子数组 @array = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5); @subarray = @array[0,1]; # @subarray = (1, 2) @subarray2 = @array[1..3]; # @subarray2 = (2,3,4) @array[0,1] = ("string", 46); # @array =("string",46,3,4,5) now @array[0..3] = (11, 22, 33, 44); # @array = (11,22,33,44,5) now @array[1,2,3] = @array[3,2,4]; # @array = (11,44,33,5,5) now @array[0..2] = @array[3,4]; # @array = (5,5,"",5,5) now 可以用子数组形式来交换元素: @array[1,2] = @array[2,1]; 7、有关数组的库函数 (1)sort--按字符顺序排序 @array = ("this", "is", "a","test"); @array2 = sort(@array); # @array2 = ("a","is", "test", "this") @array = (70, 100, 8); @array = sort(@array); # @array = (100, 70, 8) now ( 2)reverse--反转数组 @array2 = reverse(@array); @array2 = reverse sort (@array); (3)chop--数组去尾 chop的意义是去掉STDIN(键盘)输入字符串时最后一个字符--换行符。而如果它作用到数组上,则将数组中每一个元素都做如此处理。 @list = ("rabbit", "12345","quartz"); chop (@list); # @list = ("rabbi", "1234","quart") now ( 4)join/split--连接/拆分 join的第一个参数是连接所用的中间字符,其余则为待连接的字符数组。 $string = join(" ", "this", "is","a", "string"); # 结果为"this is a string" @list = ("words","and"); $string = join("::", @list, "colons"); #结果为"words::and::colons" @array = split(/::/,$string); # @array = ("words","and", "colons") now
|